Prognostic Significance of Soluble CD163 in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Objective: Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a biomarker involved in inflammation. There is little data on the prognostic utility of sCD163 in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated the relationship between serum sCD163 and the prognosis of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 79 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups as survivors and non-survivors. The clinical characteristics, serum sCD163 level, and other laboratory data of patients were compared between the groups. Results: Forty-two (53.2%) of the 79 cases were male. The mean age was 70.4±12 years in the non-survivor group and 64.2±14 years in the survivor group (p=0.079). Serum sCD163, prothrombin time, and lactate were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p=0.023, p=0.015, p=0.018, respectively). The optimum cutoff value of serum sCD163 by receiver operating curve analysis was 2.92 ng/mL, resulting in 74% sensitivity and 52% specificity for predicting mortality (area under the curve: 0.620, 95% confidence interval: 0.481-0.759, p=0.048). Serum sCD163>2.92 ng/mL was associated with 4.3 times higher mortality risk as assessed by logistic regression analysis (p=0.014). Conclusion: sCD163 is an independent predictor of mortality in COVID-19 positive patients who have a fatal course of the disease. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Amaç: Suluble CD163 (sCD163) enflamasyonla ilgili biyobelirteçlerinden biridir. Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019'da (COVÍD-19) sCD163'ün prognostik faydası hakkında çok az veri var. Bu çalışma sCD163 seviyeleri ve hastalığın prognozu arasında ilişki olup olmadığının araştırılmasını amaçladı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya COVÍD-19 tanısı konan toplam 79 hastanede yatan hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar sağ kalanlar ve sağ kalmayanlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların klinik özellikleri, serum sCD163 düzeyi ve diğer laboratuvar verileri gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Yetmiş dokuz olgunun 42'si (%53,2) erkek idi. Hayatta olmayan grupta yaş ortalaması 70,4±12 yıl ve hayatta olan grupta 64,2±14 yıl saptandı (p=0,079). Hayatta olmayanlarda sCD163, protrombin zamanı ve laktat düzeyleri hayatta olanlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek bulundu sırasıyla (p=0,023, p=0,015, p=0,018). Hayatta olmayan grupta alıcı çalışma karakteristik analizi yapıldığında sCD163>2,92 olduğunda eğrinin altındaki alan (AUC) değeri (AUC: 0,620, %95 güven aralığı: 0,481-0,759, p=0,048), sensitivitesi %74, spesifitesi %52 bulundu. Lojistik regresyon analizinde sCD163>2,92 olduğunda mortalite riski 4,3 kat daha fazla olarak saptandı (p=0,014). Sonuç: sCD163 ölümcül seyri olan COVÍD-19 pozitif hastalarda mortalitenin bağımsız bir öngördürücüsüdür. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Medical Journal of Bakirkoy is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Association of ABO blood group and age with COVID-19 positive test.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) and blood groups and the Rh factor. METHOD: A total of 313 patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine clinic, at the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the study. The cases were divided into two groups: those who were COVID-19 positive and those negative, detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. The demographic, clinical, ABO blood groups, and Rh factor data of the cases were obtained from the hospital records retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean age of COVID-19 positive (+) cases was 57.74±16 years and of COVID-19 negative (-) cases, 66.41±15 years. The difference was significant (p<0.001); there was no difference between the two groups in terms of sex (p=0.634). When age was categorically separated in COVID-19 (+) cases, χ2 was extremely significant. Among the ABO blood groups of COVID-19 (+) and (-) cases, χ2 was 4.975 (p=0.174). In the logistic regression, it was 4.1 (p=0.011) in the O blood group. COVID-19 positive test was determined as 13, 4, and 4 times higher in the 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 age groups, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.010, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The incidence of COVID-19 has increased in the younger population and in the O blood group. Our findings support that, in this population, the ABO blood groups can contribute to the early detection of COVID-19.

Can prognostic nutritional index and systemic immune-inflammatory index predict disease severity in COVID-19?

BACKGROUND: Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) are inflammation-based novel markers that predict the prognosis in various patient populations. We have investigated the relationship between the disease severity in COVID-19, and the PNI and SII scores in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 118 hospitalised patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The patients were divided into two groups as those who were hospitalised at the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had been internalised at the clinic (non-ICU). RESULTS: Of the 118 patients, 50.8% were male. The mean age was 57.7 ± 17.5 years in non-ICU patients and 70.3 ± 11.7 years in ICU patients and the difference was statistically significant (P < .001). The lymphocyte count and the albumin levels were significantly lower in ICU patients (P < .001, P < .001, respectively). The PNI score was significantly lower in ICU patients compared with non-ICU patients (P < .001). The SII score was found to be significantly higher in ICU patients compared with non-ICU patients (P < .001). The value of PNI and SII scores in prediction of the disease severity in COVID-19 was evaluated with the ROC analysis (PNI: AUC = 0.796, 95%CI: 0.715-0.877, P < .001; SII: AUC =0.689, 95% CI: 0.559-0.819, P=.004). When the cut-off value was taken as ≤36.7 for the PNI score, it was found to have 73.4% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity for predicting of the disease severity and ICU admission probability was 4.4 times higher. When the cut-off value was taken as ≥813.6 for SII score, it was found to have 70.8% sensitivity and 66.0% specificity for predicting of the disease severity and ICU admission probability was six times higher. CONCLUSION: The PNI and the SII scores are independent predictors of the prognosis and the disease severity in COVID-19 patients who require hospitalisation at the ICU.

Serum calprotectin as a novel biomarker for severity of COVID-19 disease.

BACKGROUND: Some biomarkers have been reported to be related to the prognosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are sparse data regarding the prognostic value of serum calprotectin in COVID-19 patients. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum calprotectin level and clinical severity of COVID-19 disease in hospitalized patients. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study included 80 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The study population was divided into two groups as patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients hospitalized but not in the ICU. The serum calprotectin levels, other laboratory, and clinical parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 66.5 ± 15.7 years. Of the patients, 42 were in the ICU and 38 were not. Serum calprotectin level and acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, fibrinogen, and white blood cell were significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. ROC curve analysis identified that serum calprotectin level was a predictor for ICU requirement with an area under the curve of 0.641 (p = 0.031). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum calprotectin was a significant determinant for whether or not patient required the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that serum calprotectin level seems to be a useful biomarker that can predict the severity of COVID-19 disease. Serum calprotectin is a significant predictor of ICU requirement in patients with COVID-19.

Neutrophil count to albumin ratio as a new predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 &#305;nfection

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 is an acute inflammatory respiratory disease. It causes many changes in hemogram parameters. Low albumin levels are associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study is to reveal the place of neutrophil count to albumin ratio in predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. METHODS 144 patients, 65 females and 79 males, were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was the non-severe group (n:85), and Group 2 was severe (n:59). Demographic data, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded. Neutrophil count to albumin ratio (NAR) was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil counts by the albumin levels. The NAR and levels of the two groups were then compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences in gender and platelet count (201 vs. 211 K/mL) between the groups (p&gt;0,05). Ages (62.0 ± 14.3 vs 68.6 ± 12.2 years), albumin (33.1 vs 29.9 gr/L), CRP (33 vs 113 mg/l), neutrophil count (4 vs 7.24 K/mL), WBC counts (6.70 vs 8.50 K/mL), NAR values (113.5 vs 267.2) and number of Death (5 vs 33) were found to be statistically higher (p &lt;0.001) in Group 2 than in Group 1. The NAR value of 201.5 showed mortality in all patients with COVID-19 to have 71.1% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity (AUC:0.736, 95% CI: 0.641-0.832, p&lt;0.001) CONCLUSION The present study showed that NAR levels can be a cheap and simple marker for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. RESUMO ANTECEDENTES A doença de coronavírus 2019 é uma doença respiratória inflamatória aguda. Causa muitas alterações nos parâmetros do hemograma. Baixos níveis de albumina estão associados ao risco de mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados. O objetivo do presente estudo é revelar o local da razão entre contagem de neutrófilos e albumina na predição de mortalidade em pacientes com COVID-19. MÉTODOS Cento e quarenta e quatro pacientes do sexo feminino e 79 do sexo masculino foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 não grave (n: 85), Grupo 2 grave (n: 59). Dados demográficos, contagem de neutrófilos, linfócitos e plaquetas, níveis de albumina e proteína C reativa (PCR) foram registrados. A razão de contagem de neutrófilos para albumina (NAR) foi calculada dividindo-se as contagens absolutas de neutrófilos pelos níveis de albumina. O NAR e os níveis dos dois grupos foram comparados. RESULTADOS Não houve diferenças significativas no sexo e na contagem de plaquetas (201 vs 211 K/mL) entre os grupos (p&gt;0,05). Idade (62,0±14,3 vs 68,6±12,2 anos), albumina (33,1 vs 29,9 gr/L), PCR (33 vs 113 mg/l), contagem de neutrófilos (4 vs 7,24 K/mL), contagem de leucócitos (6,70 vs 8,50 K/mL), valores de NAR (113,5 vs 267,2) e número de óbitos (5 vs 33) foram estatisticamente maiores (p&lt;0,001) no Grupo 2 que no Grupo 1. O valor NAR de 201,5 mostrou mortalidade em todos os pacientes com COVID-19 com sensibilidade de 71,1% e especificidade de 71,7% (AUC: 0,736, IC 95%: 0,641-0,832, p&lt;0,001). CONCLUSÃO O presente estudo mostrou que os níveis de NAR podem ser um marcador barato e simples para predizer mortalidade em pacientes com COVID-19.

Can the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have a role in the diagnosis of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19)?

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammation marker, complete blood count, and biochemical parameters in the diagnosis of COVID-19. METHODS A total of 80 patients who had been hospitalized in the internal medicine clinic were enrolled in the study. The cases were allocated into two groups, i.e., COVID (+) and (-), based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory [NLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), complete blood count, biochemistry, and serology] data of the patients were retrospectively obtained from the hospital data management system. RESULTS NLR and fever levels were found to be higher in COVID-19 (+) cases (P=0.021, P=0.001, respectively). There was no difference between males and females with regard to COVID-19 positivity (P=0.527). Total bilirubin levels were found to be lower in COVID-19 (+) cases (P=0.040). When the ROC analysis was carried out for NLR in COVID-19 (+) cases, the AUC value was found to be 0.660 (P=0.021), sensitivity as 69.01 %, specificity as 65.40 %, LR+: 1.98 and LR- : 0.48, PPV: 80.43, and NPV: 50.00, when the NLR was &#8805;2.4. The risk of COVID-19 was found to be 20.3-fold greater when NLR was &#8805;2.4 in the logistic regression (P=0.007). CONCLUSION NLR is an independent predictor for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We also found that fever and total bilirubin measurements could be useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in this population. RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel da razão neutrófilos/linfócitos (RNL), um marcador de inflamação, hemograma completo e parâmetros bioquímicos no diagnóstico de COVID-19. MÉTODOS Um total de 80 pacientes internados na clínica médica foram incluídos no estudo. Os casos foram alocados em dois grupos, COVID (+) e (-), de acordo com a reação em cadeia da polimerase com transcrição reversa em tempo real. Os dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais [NLR, relação plaquetas / linfócitos (PLR), hemograma completo, bioquímica e sorologia]) dos pacientes foram obtidos retrospectivamente no sistema de gerenciamento de dados hospitalares. RESULTADOS Os níveis de NLR e febre foram maiores nos casos de COVID-19 (+) (P = 0,021, P = 0,001,respectivamente). Não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres em relação à positividade para COVID-19 (P = 0,527). Os níveis totais de bilirrubina foram menores nos casos de COVID-19 (+) (P = 0,040). Quando a análise ROC foi realizada para NLR nos casos COVID-19 (+), o valor da AUC foi de 0,660 (P = 0,021), sensibilidade 69,01%, especificidade 65,40%, LR +: 1,98 e LR-: 0,48 , PPV: 80,43 e NPV: 50,00 quando o NLR era&gt;2,4. The risk of COVID-19 was found to be 20.3-fold greater when NLR was &#8805;2.4 in the logistic regression (P=0.007). CONCLUSÃO NLR é um preditor independente para o diagnóstico de COVID-19. Também concluímos que aferições de febre e bilirrubina total podem ser úteis para o diagnóstico de COVID-19 nesta população.

Neutrophil count to albumin ratio as a new predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 is an acute inflammatory respiratory disease. It causes many changes in hemogram parameters. Low albumin levels are associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study is to reveal the place of neutrophil count to albumin ratio in predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: 144 patients, 65 females and 79 males, were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was the non-severe group (n:85), and Group 2 was severe (n:59). Demographic data, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded. Neutrophil count to albumin ratio (NAR) was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil counts by the albumin levels. The NAR and levels of the two groups were then compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender and platelet count (201 vs. 211 K/mL) between the groups (p>0,05). Ages (62.0 ± 14.3 vs 68.6 ± 12.2 years), albumin (33.1 vs 29.9 gr/L), CRP (33 vs 113 mg/l), neutrophil count (4 vs 7.24 K/mL), WBC counts (6.70 vs 8.50 K/mL), NAR values (113.5 vs 267.2) and number of Death (5 vs 33) were found to be statistically higher (p <0.001) in Group 2 than in Group 1. The NAR value of 201.5 showed mortality in all patients with COVID-19 to have 71.1% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity (AUC:0.736, 95% CI: 0.641-0.832, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that NAR levels can be a cheap and simple marker for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Can the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have a role in the diagnosis of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19)?

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammation marker, complete blood count, and biochemical parameters in the diagnosis of COVID-19. METHODS A total of 80 patients who had been hospitalized in the internal medicine clinic were enrolled in the study. The cases were allocated into two groups, i.e., COVID (+) and (-), based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory [NLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), complete blood count, biochemistry, and serology] data of the patients were retrospectively obtained from the hospital data management system. RESULTS NLR and fever levels were found to be higher in COVID-19 (+) cases (P=0.021, P=0.001, respectively). There was no difference between males and females with regard to COVID-19 positivity (P=0.527). Total bilirubin levels were found to be lower in COVID-19 (+) cases (P=0.040). When the ROC analysis was carried out for NLR in COVID-19 (+) cases, the AUC value was found to be 0.660 (P=0.021), sensitivity as 69.01 %, specificity as 65.40 %, LR+: 1.98 and LR- : 0.48, PPV: 80.43, and NPV: 50.00, when the NLR was ≥2.4. The risk of COVID-19 was found to be 20.3-fold greater when NLR was ≥ 2.4 in the logistic regression (P=0.007). CONCLUSION NLR is an independent predictor for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We also found that fever and total bilirubin measurements could be useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in this population.